Logic

The founder of the science of forms and laws of correct thinking is considered to be the ancient Greek scholar and philosopher Aristotle. Since those ancient times, logic has shown how to achieve truth, comprehend the fundamental laws of human... thought, and maximally avoid numerous errors based on incorrect judgments. The study of this subject is essential for self-improvement and achieving harmony. This publication is an original text released in 1917, during the last moments of the existence of the Russian Empire.
What is the difference between formal and inductive approaches in logic? Why is common sense not a substitute for logic? What do abstract and concrete terms represent? What categories did Aristotle recognize? What is the content of a concept? How do analytical judgments differ from synthetic ones? What are the laws of thought? What is the principle of deductive reasoning? How does deduction differ from induction? What are the advantages of experimentation over observation? In what cases is the deductive method applied? What is the essence of a hypothesis? How is probability calculated? Which proofs are direct and which are indirect?
The manual is written in an accessible, vivid language, contains numerous examples, and is intended for a wide readership.